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Research Paper Pg. 01-14

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Cooling system is one of the important systems amongst all. It is responsible to carry large amount of heat waste to surroundings for efficient working of an engine. It also enhances heat transfer and fuel economy which leads to maximize the performance of an engine. Most internal combustion engines are fluid cooled using either air or a liquid coolant run through a heat exchanger (radiator) cooled by air. The heat transfer through radiator can be improved by maximizing the heat transfer area and increasing the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased either by using more efficient heat transfer methods or by improving the thermo physical properties of the heat transfer material i.e. coolant.

Water and ethylene glycol as conventional coolants have been widely used in an automotive car radiator for many years. These heat transfer fluids offer low thermal conductivity. With the advancement of nano technology, the new generation of heat transfer fluids called, “nano fluids” have been developed and researchers found that these fluids offer higher thermal conductivity compared to that of conventional coolants. Looking into the present day need of automobile heat disposal methods, many researchers are exploring the best means to absorb and dissipate the heat from an engine in an efficient manner. Many automobile giants have invested enormous time and money in this field to analyze overall heat transfer coefficient with variety of fluids. The recent developments were use of nano particles in the base fluids as heat transfer medium.

Nano fluid is a new type of heat transfer fluid with superior thermal performance characteristics, engineered by dispersing metallic or non-metallic nano particles with a typical size of less than 100 nm in the conventional heat transfer fluids. Their use remarkably augments the heat transfer potential of the base liquids. In this paper, many papers of cooling using nano fluids made of different nano particles have been studied to check the possibilities of using these nano fluids in the IC engine radiator cooling. It is found that Nano fluid is very effective in cooling than the conventional cooling fluid and using these coolants in the IC Engine Radiator, good results of IC engine performance can be obtained.

Research Paper Pg. 15-16

📋 Abstract

Abstract: We know that waterlogging damages the pavement heavily. Use of Nanotechnology in waterlogging area to make soil water proof, results in increment of CBR under wet condition and reduces the damages. The other benefits achieved are likely negligible maintenance and increase in overall life span of road. As the thickness of pavement decreases, material requirement reduces ultimately which is an added advantage. This paper discusses the recent developments in use of nanotechnology in pavement construction.

Research Paper Pg. 17-20

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Today we are going to see a new concept in radiator systems. we are making use of the concept that water boils at 7.22 ˚C in vacuum at 0.147 pounds per square inch, absolute pressure. today in the field of automation, technical experts are researching on concepts that can increase the efficiency of the present existing systems. One such system is the radiator system. Using this phenomenon of boiling of water in vacuum we circulate it in the radiator and cool the engine using this cold water which becomes liquid on coming in contact with the engine which is hot enough.

Research Paper Pg. 21-29

📋 Abstract

Abstract: A computer based data acquisition and control system was used for controlling all variables like revolution per minute RPM and relative air fuel ratio AFR. Exhaust emissions of both of the fuels were analyzed and compared using the DesignExpert 8.0. The analysis of exhaust gases was done by means ofone of the top notch crypton gasanalyzer. Resultswere recorded under steady state operating conditionsby controllingthe revolution per minute (RPM)and relative air fuel ratio (AFR) of the engine. Equipment was assembled to carry out different exhaust emission testsfor simple spark ignition (SI) enginemodified to run on Bi-fuel (Compressed natural gas/ Gasoline) for the required data.

Research Paper Pg. 30-41

📋 Abstract

Abstract: The overall performance of the computer network depends on the Quality of service (QoS) parameters such as delay, jitter, variance, bandwidth, throughput, packet delivery ratio etc. In order to further enchance the quality of communication over mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), this paper proposes an Energy Efficient Clustered Multipath Routing Protocol (EECMRP).Delay being the most important parameter in the transmission of multimedia datacan be minimizedby considering the concept of multipath along with clustering The multipath concept aims at finding more than one path for the transmission of data from the source to the destination. There are two criteria involved one is the stability of the link and the reliability of the link which determines the quality of the link.This provides an efficient measure for cluster retransmission in an energy efficient manner and also reduces delay.Cross layer communication between physical, MAC and routing layers has helped to achieve QoS in the network by establishing more stable and reliable paths, thus reducing the delay.Performance evaluation of the proposed protocol against AODV and QMRP has been conducted using network simulator. Results show that EECMRP outpaces QMRPand AODV in terms of energy efficiency and delay.Routing overhead for QMRP is more than that in AODV as it establishes multipath concept. Further, routing overhead of EECMRP is reduced when compared with QMRP due to the use of clustering concept in each route detection process.