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Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Rapid urbanization, population growth and rural-to-urban migration, especially in fast-developing
economies (such as India and China) have resulted in a fast decline in forest cover and green space in a large number
of urban centers around the world. Recent reports suggest that Delhi, India’s capital, has a green cover of only 20.6%
and has a declining trend of dense and very-dense forests. In fact, India ranks one of the highest among the large
countries in terms of reduction in tree cover extent. This is an alarming situation and does not bode well for human
health and ecosystem, in general. Immediate and long-lasting steps are needed to check the diminishing green cover
in most of the metropolitan cities of the world.
Among a number of ideas suggested for checking the rapid decline in the green cover; the concept of Miyawaki forest
offers a unique solution. Developed by the famous Japanese botanist, Akira Miyawaki, the Miyawaki forest is an
affordable, low-tech, maintenance-free and rapid method of growing native vegetation on degraded lands (Fig. 1).
Such forests can be grown by anybody using simple methods and a lush-green forest consisting of native vegetation in
about an year’s time is expected. A number of industries and cities have successfully grown Miyawaki forests for
enhancing the tree cover and a better environment.
Figure 1. Changes in landscape due to the growth of Miyawaki forest, pre and post-growth scenario
Miyawaki forests have also been successfully tried in India and several start-ups offer help to individuals and
organizations in growing Miyawaki forest on their land. However, large-scale deployment of this technology for
improving the declining air quality is yet to be attempted. The current work discusses the concept of Miyawaki forest,
its advantages and possibilities of its utilization at large-scale in India. Potential issues in its deployment and solutions
thereof are also presented. A competing technology, vertical gardens, is also briefly discussed for comparison. It is
expected that Miyawaki forests will be able to reverse the declining tree cover, provide a better environment and
improve our air quality.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: River sand has been the most popular choice for the fine aggregate component of concrete in the past, but
overuse of the material has led to environmental concerns, Therefore, it is desirable to obtain cheap, environmentally
friendly substitutes for cement and river sand that are preferably by-products. This paper discusses about the use of
charcoal dust in concrete as a partial replacement of fine aggregates. Moreover it also discusses about the effect of
charcoal dust on workability and compressive strength of concrete.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This Paper givesa comparative overview of Mivan Formwork and Precast method of construction in
residential buildings. This helps in identifying themain aspects of both methods and possible reasons for affecting the
selection of any method. These new technologies are analyses on various parameters like cost,time,labour etc.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Chikungunya is vector borne disease which is transmitted by female mosquito found in early morning and late
afternoon. Chikungunya disease starts with onset of fever and severe joint pain. This paper presents the diagnostic
techniques for CHIKV. Conventional as well as newer techniques are also studied and compared.Aim for the paper
is to provide brief introduction to all the existing and experimental diagnostic techniques for Chikungunya.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Structural health monitoring is a process of accessing the condition of a structure. It is a damage detection
process of structures comprising civil, aeronautics and mechanical infrastructure. Unlike traditional techniques
which required destructive approach, this new and improved process enables load monitoring and damage detection
in real-time without changing the integrity of structure. This paper presents the various techniques used along with
addition of modern sensors. New and improved ways of crack detection, strength evaluation and curing process
monitoring are gaining attention among researchers.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Currently, lung cancer is one of the deadly diseases in the world. Various investigations are underway to
reduce this disease. The lung disease imaging system produces large amounts of medical images (such as CT scan
image, X-ray, MRI images etc.) that containing vast amounts of information. It is very difficult for doctors and
clinicians to interpreting and identifying this information accurately. Medical image analysis has become a major
research area in the healthcare centre. The purpose of lung cancer detection system is able to detect and provide
reliable information to doctors and clinicians from a medical image. To minimize this problem, many systems have
been proposed by using different image processing techniques, machine learning, and deep learning techniques.
Machine learning is one of the most popular techniques that used in computer-aided diagnosis CAD) and medical
image analysis in the classification of the objects such as lesions to certain lesions (example lesions or non-lesion, and
malignant or benign) based on input features obtained from segmented objects. The recent advent of deep learning
has replaced many other machine learning methods, because it avoids the creation of hand-engineering features, thus
removing a critical source of error from the process. Deep learning is a breakthrough in machine learning techniques
that have overcome the field of pattern recognition and computer vision research areas. Deep learning provides the
machine learning that high-level abstraction features from a medical image but not use handcrafted features. Deep
learning is providing exciting solutions for medical image analysis problems and is seen as a key method for future
applications. In the medical image analysis, there are various application areas including detection, segmentation,
classification, and computer-aided diagnosis. The main aim of the paper is reviewing the recent literature and finding
the gaps of the proposed system that related to lung cancer detection in medical image and providing the future work.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This research paper explores the seismic performance of reinforcement concrete structure with and
without base isolation system. Earthquake is one of the utmost unpredictable natural inversions among all the
natural disasters. The people who are living in prone areas they suffered acute disaster, significant loss of human life
and their poverty during seismic ground motion. Many researchers have been experimented a several research to get
the better solutions to diminish earthquake damage. Base isolation strategy is one of the biggest inventions to
withstand or mitigate the structural damage under a strong ground motion. The seismic parameters are discussed
such as base shear, lateral displacement, storey drift, time period, and frequency and results have been carried out by
using various engineering softwares. The seismic analysis has been performed by Dynamic Analysis, and Pushover
Analysis. It is observed that, base isolation system increases the stability of the structure and make structure
economical.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: As traffic congestion becomes a huge problem for most developing and developed countries across the
world, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are becoming a hot topic that is attracting the attention of researchers
and the general public alike. In this paper, we demonstrate a specific implementation of it's a system whereby traffic
lights are actuated by DSRC radios installed in vehicles. That this system can reduce travel time and commute time
significantly, especially during rush hours. therefore, propose a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication
solution extending by introducing a collision-free MAC phase with an enhanced prioritization mechanism based on
vehicle positions and the overall road traffic density. A roadside unit using a polling mechanism is then able to
provide real-time support such that it can guarantee collision-free channel access within its transmission range. Part
of the bandwidth remains unchanged such that best-effort services like ongoing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) applications
may continue. Our solution guarantees that all communication deadlines of the V2I applications are met while
minimizing the required length of the collision-free phase. This, in turn, maximizes the amount of bandwidth
available for best-effort services and ongoing V2V applications. The position-based prioritization mechanism further
improves the throughput of both real-time and best-effort data traffic by focusing the communication resources to the
most hazardous areas.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper presents an adoptive current sharing method for fuel cell and battery fed dc drive system for
electric vehicle application. Also investigation of different power management techniques suitable for fuel cell and
battery hybrid power source for electric vehicle application presented. The control algorithm makes sure that total
load is shared between the two sources during transients and heavy load. The controller facilitates fuel cell to operate
in normal load region during transient and steady state by sharing unevenly the required load power between the two
sources. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through simulation using MATLAB/Simulink software.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper presents the use of Zigbee-Based wireless sensor network (WSN) for leakage detection in
underground water transporting pipelines. It has been implemented on a laboratory model of an underground
pipeline having length of 20 metres. Sensor nodes configured in mesh topology were distributed over the length of the
pipeline. The gateway node has been placed at some distance from the sensor nodes and was programmed to acquire
data for soil-moisture, soil-temperature and GPS data at intervals of 5 seconds. The system has been programmed is
such a way that when the change in soil temperature or soil moisture as read from any sensor exceeds a pre-set
threshold an alarm or warning signal is generated so that the corrective action can be taken on time.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The growing demand for public transport in mega cities has serious effects on urban ecosystems, especially
due to increased atmospheric pollution and changes in land use patterns. An ecologically sustainable urban transport
system could be obtained by an appropriate mix of alternative modes of transport resulting in the use of environment
friendly fuels and land use patterns. The introduction of CNG in certain vehicles and switching of some portion of the
transport demand to the Metro rail have resulted in a significant reduction in air pollution, time saving to passengers,
reduction in accidents, reduction in traffic congestion and fuel saving. There are incremental benefits and costs to a
number of economic agents: government, private transporters, passengers, general public and unskilled labour. The
social cost-benefit analysis of Noida-Greater Noida Metro done in this report tries to measure all these benefits and
costs across 22 stations, covering a total distance of ~30 kms from Noida to Greater Noida. Estimates of the social
benefits and cost of the project are obtained using the recently estimated shadow prices of investment, foreign
exchange and unskilled labour as well as the social time preference rate for the Indian economy for a study
commissioned by the Planning Commission, Government of India and done at the Institute of Economic Growth.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of feasibility study and economic assessment of a green
building project. The phenomenon of global warming or climate change has led to many environmental issues
including higher atmospheric temperature, intensive precipitation and increased green house gaseous emission
resulting in increased indoor discomfort condition. The green house approach goes beyond reducing energy use or
improving indoor air quality, it should actually address the whole system and not only the pieces. The purpose of this
paper is to highlight how sustainable materials can contribute to lessen the impact of environmental degradation and
how green house concept help to minimize the impact of global warming.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The Deepwater Horizon was a semi-submersible offshore oil rig, built to operate in deep waters as deep as
8000 feet and to drill down 30,000 feet, owned by Transocean. During the time of the accident, it was licensed to BP
by Transocean Ltd. While drilling an exploratory well about 41 miles off the coast of Louisiana, on April 20, 2011, an
explosion and fire on the Horizon killed 11 workers and released approximately 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into
the Gulf of Mexico. The oil spill was ultimately capped and contained on July 15, 2011. Damages to BP, the
environment, and the US gulf coast economy are estimated to be $36.9 billion. Various studies were conducted to
ascertain the extent of damages, causes, impact on environment from different field of expertise in order to
understand, avoid and handle similar accidents in the future which is almost next to irreversible. This paper presents
a state-of-the-art review of this incident and presents the lessons learnt in order to avoid occurrence of similar
accidents in the future.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: In this paper, WEKA tool has been used to evaluate the performance of various classifiers on a dataset
namely, hypothyroid, to come out with the optimum classifier, for a particular application. Hypothyroid is an
imbalance dataset which contains 28 attributes and 3772 instances. A Classifier plays an important role in any
machine learning application. There are various performance analysis measures that can be used to evaluate the
efficiency of a classifier. In this paper, Naive Bayes, J48, IBK, Vote, Logistic and Random Forest classifiers along
with their combination have been implemented and analysed using WEKA. Accuracy of individual classifiers along
with the accuracy obtained while using the combination of these classifiers have been measured and evaluated. Use of
these hybrid approach helped in combining different classifiers to get the best results.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The widely used material in infrastructure development and construction throughout the world is concrete
and mortar. A significant role in the mix design is played by fine aggregate and coarse aggregate which are the prime
material used for the preparation of mortar and concrete. River sand is becoming a scarce commodity nowadays.
Hence the manufactured sand is playing a major role in the construction industry nowadays. The natural resources
due to excessive use are also exhausting very rapidly. Shortage of fine and coarse aggregate may affect construction
industry directly, therefore there is a need to find an alternative material which can replace fine aggregate or coarse
aggregate fully or partially so that the damage due to excessive erosion to the environment is prevented.
Thus the replacement of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate became a necessity in the recent times and this partial
or complete replacement will contribute a lot to nature and environmental problems created due to excessive use and
dumping of brick debris or construction waste. This research review will discuss the partial replacement of fine
aggregate with brick dust and how to reduce the dependency on the natural resources such as sand used as fine
aggregate and provide a new way to dispose of waste brick debris. Different replacement levels 10%, 15%, and 20%,
will be checked. Different tests showed that the compressive strength is enhanced by using optimum percentage
replacement of natural fine aggregate with brick debris compared to conventional mortar and concrete

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Technology is imbedded in every aspect of life. It has been observed that gender is seldom caste, class, race
or gender neutral. The development and use of technology somehow influence its evolution and use. Integration of
gender in technology is a great concern of the world. For a rapid growth it is important to educate and induct half of
the world as technologically able citizens to make them financially capable and self dependent. Today with different
gadgets making their way in social and familial sphere only technologically skilled people will be part of the
developmental phase of high connectivity and progress. The paper focuses on the requirement of facilitation of
technological education and adaptation of technology for valuable contribution at the levels of individual, family,
society, nation and world. Introduction of technological innovation in the life of women along with facing the issues
of opportunities, training, financial support and sustainability are the major concerns of the discussion. Feminist
technology studies generally include the digital divide, digital technologies, social media, home technologies,
reproductive technologies, and surveillance and entertainment technologies. Once they are inducted to be trained the
financial aspect plays an important role in sustaining this developmental evolution.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: A key advance in the adaptation of mechanical autonomy is the capacity to characterize the feeling of the
human administrator. In this paper, the structure of a falsely insightful framework fit for feeling acknowledgment
through outward appearance. Three promising neural system structures are altered, prepared and exposed to different
grouping assignments, after which the performing system is additionally advanced. An outward appearance
acknowledgment framework is developed for the accommodation of use, and all the trial results demonstrate that the
framework can achieve the continuous needs.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The Indian Real Estate Sector has been touted as one of the fastest growing sectors of the Indian economy.
The ongoing trends contributed by the development of the concepts of modernization and westernization have fueled
the development of this sector significantly. All this have completely changed the way we perceive our dream homes. A
spurt in the income as well as an increase in the population is also said to have contributed to the development of this
sector. Government policies are the driving forces of the real estate sector. This is since growth of this sector and
growth of the country’s economy go hand in hand. Approximately 9% of the country’s GDP comes from this sector.
The Indian economy has seen several reforms in the real estate sector by the government to strengthen the regulation,
contribute to growth as well as to protect the consumer. One such instance of government reform is the Goods and
Services Act, 2016. Keeping in light the above statements, this paper attempts to highlight the impact of GST on the
real estate sector and its after-effects on the various aspects of this sector. The perception of various stakeholders of
the real estate sector regarding the impact of GST on them can also be studied. This paper makes the use of secondary
data.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Open spaces in building are highly desirable features are floating columns are used for that to provide more
internal space and to make better looking building. These floating columns come with big risk since it can’t stand any
seismic load. In this study we tried to reduce the chances of failure of floating column in multistory building by using
fluid viscous damper (FVD) and achieve higher safety. We have found that FVD can decrease the drift of the building
and help it to resist seismic vibration. This shows that there are ways to improve the performance of floating column and
make it possible to be used in high seismic zones.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Due to efficient dissemination of congested traffic, economic considerations, and aesthetic desirability
horizontally box girder bridges have become increasingly popular nowadays in modern highway systems, including
urban interchanges. A general description of the finite element approach is presented using the finite element
program SAP 2000N and STAAD PRO that was utilized. The prestressed concrete box girder bridge superstructure
analysed in the base case consists of box girders with varying span. The superstructure is loaded by different IRC
class like 70 R loads and the loads are incremented until the bridge superstructure system fails. A sensitivity analysis
is performed to study how variations in the bridge geometry, damage scenarios, member properties and bridge
continuity affect the redundancy of the superstructure. The results are presented in the form of prestressing force,
moment, shear and deflection. The deflected shape of the bridge model shows that there is a marginal increase in the
value of deflection according to the various loading and increased different various time period intervals too. A
comparative study was carried out between I girder and Box girder. By extracting result it has been concluded that
box girder is costlier than I girder. It has also seen that losses is more in I girder as compared to Box girder. The
analysis and design of Box girder bridges for any span can be obtained from the mathematical models without doing
lengthy calculations.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Our projects aim to detect the alcohol presence by using breathalyzer which is already present in the car,
this will stop the functioning of car as soon as it detects the alcohol contents and it will send the notification to your
loved ones with a message. This all will happens when keys are used to unlock car. The project is using MQ-3 alcohol
sensor along with Arduinomicrocontroller which will send message to the local authorities or to the loved ones once it
crosses the threshold level using GSM module.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: The main aspiration of this study is to examine the properties of concrete fundamental for generating high
performance concrete with locally available cementitious materials that could provide additional shielding during
service life. This paper, through a comprehensive review from literature presents the strength and exploits stipulation
and addresses rare production aspect of high performance concrete. It also focuses on the importance of durability
studies for the structures which are constructed at marine environments which may lead to corrosion of the
reinforcement, thereby affecting the service life of the structures. The preventive measures are also discussed in the
study below which results in production of durable concrete.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Fossil Fuels such as coal and gasoline provide most of the energy needs of the world today, but because of
their diminishing reserves, high prices and most importantly, their damaging effect on the environment, alternative
sources of energy and environment friendly fuels are now being developed. There is an ardent need for saving the
environment that is being polluted by emissions given out by the extensive use of gasoline. There are promising
discoveries in alternative fuels such as Alcohols, Bio-diesel and Natural gas, which give hope that before any crisis
occurs, mankind would have perfected and commercialized alternate sources of fuel that will be eco- friendly and
affordable too. This paper proposes more than a dozen alternative and advanced fuels in production or use today from
the perspective of protecting the environment.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: In the rapidly growing world there is need to develop infrastructure, driven by global population growth
is forcing societies to construct on any soil type accessible inside their region including clay soils. Though, because of
the poor physical and building properties of weak soils, they are not appropriate for development purposes. Given
many ground improvement techniques that are utilized to improve the properties of weak soils and to lessen the
potential harms brought about by them, This paper discuss about the effects of polyurethane and coconut charcoal
ash on soil stabilisation.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper presents the design and simulation of single phase front-end converter in order to improve the
power quality in terms of the power factor and reduces harmonics by implementing a close-loop control method. The
line voltage is also to be boosted using a boost inductor. In all inverter controlled drive applications and in wind power
conversions, the use of two stage power conversion i.e. power conversion from AC-DC and DC-AC is unavoidable.
For such applications this PWM rectifier can be used for primary AC-DC conversion. Sinusoidal pulse width
modulation (SPWM) method has been used to achieve high power factor and to reduce the harmonics. The simulation
results are presented which is carried out with MATLAB/ Simulink.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Pavement of road is important for its complexity and cost. Rate analysis and budgeting are parts of
construction management, prepared by project managers in the planning phase for controlling and reporting of cost
overrun and underrun. Rate analysis and budgeting are challenging tasks for construction project managers. Road
pavement work often faces delay and cost overrun due to inaccurate rate analysis and allocated budget. Objective of
this term paper is accuracy in rate analysis and allocation of budget for road pavement. Analysis of rates and
budgeting are prepared based on scope of work, design, specification, updated rates, availability of resources and
factors affecting them. In this paper, the information is collected about required documents, tools and techniques for
analysis of rates and budgeting, factors affecting rate analysis and budget, and methods of Analogous Cost
Estimation, Parametric Cost Estimation, Bottom-up Cost Estimation and Three point Cost Estimation. Bottom-up
Cost Estimation method is good practice for accurate rate analysis and budgeting of road pavement work.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This study presents the effect of incorporating metakaolin (MK) on the mechanical and durability
properties of high strength concrete for a constant water/binder ratio of 0.3. MK mixtures with cement replacement
of 5, 10 and 15 % were designed for target strength and slump of 90 MPa and 100 ± 25 mm. From the results, it
was observed that 10 % replacement level was the optimum level in terms of compressive strength. Beyond 10 %
replacement levels, the strength was decreased but remained higher than the control mixture. Compressive strength
of 106 MPa was achieved at 10 % replacement. Splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus values have also
followed the same trend. In durability tests MK concretes have exhibited high resistance compared to control and
the resistance increases as the MK percentage increases. This investigation has shown that the local MK has the
potential to produce high strength and high performance concrete.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Rice is one of the world’s major staple foods and paddy rice field account for approximately 15% of the
world’s arable land. Rice has always been relevant to global food security and socio-economic stability. Rice field
areas have been the most traditional land use and the main economic variable that has historically shaped social
relations. It is the major food grain grown in almost all states in India mainly during Kharif season (June to October).
It is a heat and water favorite crop. Satellite remote sensing has been widely accepted as a powerful and effective tool
for identifying agriculture crops. Image classification uses the spectral information represented by digital number
(DN) in one or more spectral band and attempt to classify individual pixel based on this spectral information.
Vegetation indices calculated from satellite image give good presence of vegetation. The overview of this study is to
classify rice crop with different methods using vegetative indices of various spectral characteristics.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper summarizes variation of characteristic which arises from the longitudinal change of stress that induced in
the sensor circuit main part or the p-type Si piezoresitive element with respect to induced stress. This sensing or
conversion of stress to analog voltage resulted from the piezeoresistive effect occurred within the sensor when stress
applied. The location of the sensor on the membrane surface has chosen near to the fixed edge of the plate where
maximum stress exits. The p- Si piezoresistive sensor has included in readout circuit configuration as one of the two
elements in the sensor circuit and the other one of them placed in a stress-free region that is on the fixed edge with the
same orientation. This circuit configuration is chosen to generate readable analog sensor output voltage which is
simple and convenient to make both analytical and computer-aided analysis. Since the two sensing elements used in
the sensor circuit are identical, in absence of pressure the output voltage is found to be nearly half of the biasing
voltage. And also we observed that the sensor output voltage linearly varies with the applied pressure at the center of
the diaphragm. Finally, the change in output voltage per one 100kPa pressure is calculated in the longitudinal
orientation. We have determined that this resolution is matched with 8-bit analog to digital converter’s output
resolution if suitable signal conditioning circuit is employed for pressure measurement purpose.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Next to water, Concrete is the world’s most versatile, durable and reliable construction material. The
production of ordinary Portland cement contributes 5-7% of total greenhouse gas emission. Hence it is essential to
find the alternative to cement. The use of Geopolymer concrete as an alternative material over Portland cement
concrete to reduce the adverse effects on the environment is investigated in this paper. Geopolymer is a material
resulting from the reaction of a source material that is rich in silica and alumina with alkaline solution. Hypo sludge
is the by product that can use in place of cement this is also rich in silica and alumina. In Geopolymer hypo sludge
and silica fume acts as binder and alkaline solution acts as an activator. Alkaline solution used for present study is
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The mixes were designed for molarity of 5M, 10M and 15M. The tests were carried out to
evaluate the mechanical properties like slump test, compressive strength, and flexural test and split tensile strength
after 7 and 28 days.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Power electronics is one of the key factors enabling sustainable energy technologies. Various power
circuits have recently been investigated in an attempt to explore reliable, highly efficient, high power density, and lowcost power processing systems for alternative energy generation. This paper presented the different types of power
converters suitable for use in fuel cell and battery hybrid power source for electric vehicle application. Various types
of hybrid power system configurations and associated control methods are explored. The converter topologies reported
in the literature can be broadly classified into unidirectional and bidirectional converters. For interfacing storage
devices bidirectional converters are needed, whereas for interfacing primary source fuel cell, unidirectional converter
topologies should be investigated. The feasibility of proposed converter for hybrid source has been simulated using
MATLAB.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Pre-stressed concrete beam has been successfully modelled by nonlinear finite element analysis, allowing
for plasticity and damage behaviour of concrete and slip-bond failure behaviour for strands. All the materials and
bond models used are based on experimental data where the bond behaviour of pre-stress strands is first characterised
in a small size beam model. The simulation results are validated with data from actual load testing and numerical
model. Similarly, the main objectives of this research are the effective development of an updating process for
nonlinear numerical modelling which is based on the information from different monitoring systems and code-based
methods.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bio-electrochemical device that harnesses the power of respiring microbes
to convert organic substrates directly into electrical energy. At its core, the MFC is a fuel cell, which transforms
chemical energy into electricity using oxidation reduction reactions. The microbial fuel cells rely on living biocatalysts
to facilitate the movement of electrons throughout their systems instead of the traditional chemically catalyzed
oxidation of a fuel at the anode and reduction at the cathode. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have gained importance in
the last few decades due to their ability to produce energy. MFC typically consists of several components primarily
divided into two chambers, that is, a chamber containing the anode and cathode, respectively. These chambers are
separated by a proton exchange membrane (PEM). The microbes present in the anodic chamber are provided with a
favourable substrate which is an aerobically degraded to release electrons which are transported from the anode to
the cathode via external circuit and the protons generated are selectively passed through the exchange membrane.
Both these products produced due to the action of the microbes in the anodic compartment travel to the cathode and
react with oxygen to produce water. MFCs are devices that can convert chemical energy into electrical energy by the
process of oxidation of various carbon sources or even organic wastes carried out by electrochemically active bacteria
(EAB). The current work presents a state-of-the-art review on this important topic.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) is the technique of extracting the number plate information
from an image of the vehicle Number plate. Number plate recognition system is composed Capturing image,
Pre-processing where a lot of disturbances and noises present in the image cleared, Plate region extraction the
process of studying and extracting useful information from the filtered input patterns ,Segmentation of character in
the extracted number plate, and Character recognition where segmented characters are recognized. This review focus
on the recent studies related to number plate recognition system technique and accuracy of proposed algorithms and
their limitations, for different country with a different environment and format of license plate.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: With the increased incidents of fire in the buildings, it has become important to asses, repair and
rehabilitate RCC buildings damaged due to fire. Fire incidents can damage a structure to extent that it can collapse,
the structures however well build are not immune to fire and hence design considerations for fire becomes very
important part of structural engineering. Stirrup spacing plays an important role in designing a structure. The fire
caused in building results in spalling of concrete. Spalling of concrete means separation of concrete mass from
concrete elements thus making the reinforcement visible and in turn coming in contact with the fire destroys the cover
and decreasing the overall stability of the structure. Secondly it decreases the overall strength of the structure. Load
bearing capacity of steel decreases when it is subjected to fire. If duration and intensity is higher it may lead to the
collapse of the buildings. In this review, the effect of rise in temperature on reinforcement in reinforced concrete
buildings is studied. The factors that influence the thermal and structural behaviour of RCC buildings under various
temperatures are discussed.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: In recent years, expressing opinions and sharing ideas have become very easy, all with the help of social
media. Social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, etc. have also become a powerful tool to raise our voice against
social injustices or problems faced by common people. In this research paper, a similar case has been considered. To
analyse the voice raised by victims of sexual assault, sexual harassment, especially in workplace, is the main objective
of this paper. Through MeToo movement twitter sentiment analysis we are finding the most affected places, most
positive and negative word used, the part of day where incidents have occurred the most and the associated hashtags
which are used with this movement for 6 days consecutively. For the analysis we have fetched tweets from twitter
using python libraries, analysed them using Hive tool and for visualization matplotlib library is used.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: There have been many surveys and studies to determine the cause of the overrun of time and cost overrun
in construction projects which lead to delay completion of the project time and cost are the lifeline of every project.
It is of paramount importance to study, analyze and evaluate the common factors that lead to these restrictions and
suggest the best mitigation measures to overcome constraints of time and cost overrun. During the construction
phase is the primary responsibility of the project managers to monitor the costs and time and avoid both cost
overruns and time. Because of these limitations, this document describes the real cost and time overrun control
practices in the construction industry.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Composite steel-concrete construction utilising the benefits of both materials has extensively been used in
structural engineering. Concrete-filled tube columns can provide excellent seismic resistant structural properties such
as high strength, high ductility, and large energy absorption capacity. In addition to the enhancement in structural
properties, a considerable amount of construction time can be reduced due to the prevention of permanent formwork.
In this type of column, the steel tube can support considerable amounts of loads while providing permanent formwork
to the concrete. Likewise, the steel tubes add confinement to the concrete whereas the concrete infill delays the local
buckling of the steel tubes. In recent years, stainless steel tube members have become popular due to the high
corrosion resistance, ease of construction and maintenance as well as aesthetic appearance. Concrete-filled hollow
steel sections are more and more frequently used as compression members in structures nowadays. This paper
investigates the mechanical behaviour such as Buckling behaviour, Load carrying capacity and Seismic resistant of
cold formed steel column with infill.

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Abstract: Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical method of stress analysis having large complexities of the
problems like, varying shape, boundary conditions and loads. It is also powerful technique for stress analysis in
aircraft, large machine body and large structural elements. This paper reviews the recent development of FEM and its
application in science and technology fields for sustainable and computerized development of engineering fields. In
this method the whole elements are divided in to various elements with numbers of nodes and calculation and
analyzed separately and designing it. The high performance computing facilities and advanced finite element
programs are now available for research and development activities in many universities in collaboration with
industries. Basically STAAD.Pro, GT STRUDEL, NASTRAN, NISA and ANSYS etc. computer software are used for
analysis and solving the many complex structures. Now days this method is used not only for the analysis in solid
mechanics, but even in the analysis of fluid flow, heat transfer, electric and magnetic fields and many others. In civil
engineering, this method extensively for the analysis of beams, space frames, plates, shells, folded plates, foundations,
rock mechanics problems and seepage analysis of fluid through porous media. Both static and dynamic problems can
be handled by finite element analysis. This method is also used extensively for the analysis and design of ships,
aircrafts, space crafts, electric motors and heat engines.

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Abstract: Solar energy is fast becoming a very important means of renewable energy resource. By using solar
tracking system, it is possible to generate more energy from solar panels since the solar panel can maintain a
perpendicular profile to the rays of the sun. Even though the initial cost of setting up the tracking system is
considerably high, there are some cheaper methods that can be used to generate more energy. This paper presents the
design and construction of a solar tracking system that has a single axis of freedom. Light Dependent Resistors
(LDRs) are used for sunlight detection. The control circuit is based on an ATMega328P microcontroller. It is
programmed to detect sunlight through the LDRs before actuating the servo to position the solar panel. The solar
panels have been positioned to a particular place where it is able to receive maximum light. As compared to other
motors, the servo motors are able to maintain their torque at high speed, more efficient with efficiencies in the range
of 80-90%. Servos can supply around twice their rated torque for short periods. Performance and characteristics of
solar panels are analysed through experimental set up

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Abstract: Self-compacting concrete is a type of concrete which is able to consolidate, flow and fill all formwork by its
own weight without any external vibration, and pass through very tight places like between reinforcement bars. For
preparing SCC mix some additional materials (other than traditional materials) such as chemical and mineral
admixtures are also required. In this study, an extensive literature reviews have been conducted on materials
proportioning, different percentage of SP dosage and use of recycle aggregates for obtaining suitable fresh and
hardened properties of self-compacting concrete. It also presents the effect of various types, various percentage and
combination of mineral admixtures on the rheological properties, compressive strength, strain, electrical resistivity
and tensile strength of SCC.

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Abstract: Several researchers demonstrated that expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam can be use as compressible
inclusions behind retaining wall to attenuate earthquake-induced dynamic loads. This review is presenting the
previous research on the deformable EPS geofoam used as compressible inclusions behind retaining wall. The
objective of this study is to analyse the effect of EPS geofoam inclusions on retaining wall. This paper presents a
review and the comparison of the results presented by the earlier researchers. It was observed that the use of EPS
geofoam gives better result in reducing lateral earthquake forces. Also increasing the thickness and density of EPS
decreases the horizontal deformation. Whereas decreasing the density of EPS decreases the isolation efficiency.
However, further studies should be done to understand the effect of position of EPS behind retaining wall other than
vertical inclusions such as horizontal inclusions.

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Abstract: At 12:04 a.m., March 24, 1989, The Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker en route from Valdez, Alaska to Los
Angeles, California, ran aground on Bligh Reef. The tanker moved outside its normal shipping lanes in an attempt to
avoid icebergs. An estimated 11 million gallons of crude oil gushed into the Prince William Sound in under five
hours. Oil spread to a distance of over 750 km from the spill site, contaminating 1750 km of shoreline along the way.
Many people lost source of income due to a decrease in fish population, countless number of animals were killed with
estimates at 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and billions
of salmon and herring eggs. The remediation measures included the use of booms, in situ burning of oil, use of
absorbent barriers and skimmers and bioremediation. Lessons learnt include the change of tanker designs to double
haul and the use of clean-up methods that are in tandem with the environmental condition. This review paper
presents a summary of one of most devastating oil spills to ever have taken place in the world.

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Abstract: With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
In this project we have designed IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring System using ESP8266 & Arduino. The IoT
platform used in this project is Thing Speak. Thing Speak is an open source Internet of Things (IoT) application
and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area
Network. This IoT device could read pulse rate and measure surrounding temperature. System has the cloud
database which stores all information about patient’s health and the Doctors will prescribe medicine using this
information stored on cloud. Device even it allows patient to move freely and can be monitored continuously it
continuously monitors the pulse rate and surrounding temperature and updates them to an IoT platform. The
Arduino Sketch running over the device implements the various functionalities of the project like reading sensor
data, converting them into strings, passing them to the IoT platform and displaying measured pulse rate and
temperature on character LCD.

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Abstract: The different evaluation methods act as the major factor in road pavement management. The local
authorities played a vital role in the fulfilment of the various functional and analytical problems and specifications.
Here, mainly questionnaire based paperwork has been carried out in an effective manner, keeping the perspectives of
the different authorities that played a vital role in the completion of the desired goal. The main goal was to take their
feedback in the form of a questionnaire and analyse them between each other to determine the various concords and
norms that they usually follow. The questionnaire is based on some phenomenon’s depending on certain factors and
conditions from various review papers, journals, etc. such as functional class of road pavement, pavement type,
condition such as ride quality, distress, friction of road pavement, deflection of road pavement, costs, history, traffic
loads on road pavement.

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Abstract: Population around the globe is increasing exponentially and with the increasing population the demand for
construction is also increasing. This cause pressure on the utilization of natural resources which eventually causes
depletion of it. Quarry dust, produced in large quantities from quarries and ornamental stone plants, create a severe
environmental problem. Disposal of quarry dust in landfills is also an issue as land is decreasing day by day. The use
of these materials in construction practices, could lead to both economic and environmental benefits. Past studies has
suggested that the waste of discarded rubber tyre, silica fume, glass, slag, metakaolin etc. can effectively replace a part
of the conventional materials used for concreting. This paper reviews the recent research studies on the production of
stone quarry dust which can be the replacement of fine aggregate or cement in the construction works. This paper
also focuses on the effect of such materials on the strength and durability of the concrete and the factors affecting
them.

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Abstract: Recommender frameworks have picked up a ton of notoriety just as gratefulness in recent years. This is a
direct result of their extraordinary effect on the advanced organizations . They have turned into a contraption of
extraordinary incentive for online business organizations may it be for their locales or applications, for example, for
amazon, for making item suggestions or netflix for prescribing films to their clients. The recommender before didn't
pay any significance to the collaboration that the clients had among themselves in regards to the items they were to
purchase. This issue has being fixed purchase the more up to date proposal innovations .In this paper, we are going to
travel through various strategies utilized in suggestion frameworks alongside the calculations utilized by them from
conventional to generally progress. Lastly portray a recommender framework with the most noteworthy proficiency
and the least blunder rate . What's more, in this manner giving an ideal way to deal with construct a recommender
framework with low blunder rate as well as a solid match in managing the cutting edge big data issue.

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Abstract: RCC structures have been a very popular method of constructing high rise buildings in India, but with the
development of technology and equipment, composite structures are gaining attention. Composite columns like
concrete filled steel tubesor encased steel members offer an excellent performance resulting from the confinement
effect of steel with concrete and exhibits great design versatility. A composite structure definitely has a lot more
advantages over anRCC structure. However, the study of the design and its behavior against different types of loading
is at the center of all studies at the moment as it would suggest as to ow successful composite structures would be. This
paper reviews the various comparison aspects of the composite structure and the traditional RCC structures.

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Abstract: Due to the increase in construction activity, the demand of cementing material is increased. In 2010 based
on survey of world coal association, over 3.3 billion tons of cement was used. However, the increase in production of
the cement causes the environment problem due to emission CO2. In order to control the environmental impact, it is
necessary to partially replace the cement material by other cementing material. Several researchers are working on
the partial replacement of cement by other cementing materials in cement mortar. This review is presenting the
previous research on the partial replacement of cement by different cementing materials. On the other, huge amount
of broken bricks are wasted during construction activities. Several investigations are made regarding partial
replacement of cement and/or sand by these bricks in concrete and mortar. The objective of this study is to analyse the
effect of brick powder in cement in concrete and mortar. This paper presents a review and the comparison of the
results presented by the earlier researchers. It was observed that the replacement of cement by up to 10% of the brick
dust gives better result as compared to higher percentage. However, further study to justify the strength gain is
required as the brick duct was found to have lower percentage of CaO. But the percentage of SiO2 and Al2O3 was
found higher in brick dust as compared to cement.

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Abstract: The availability of advanced low cost hardware devices such as micro-electro-mechanical system
(MEMS) based camera sensors technology, low power analog and digital electronics, and low power radio frequency
(RF) integrated circuits design has led to the development of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) to
communicate multimedia information such as audio, video and still images from the environment for a wide range
of applications like video surveillance, automated assistance for elderly, environmental monitoring, industrial
process control, and advanced health care delivery. Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks have very limited
resources such as low memory capacity, low processing capability, and low data rate or limited wireless channel
bandwidth. Energy consumption is also one of the critical problems which affect the lifetime of wireless sensor
networks as the sensor nodes are battery operated. Image compression is one of the techniques to reduce the energy
consumption of such sensor nodes to increase the life time of sensor networks. In this paper, we have evaluated
performance parameters of image compression like PSNR, CR, processing time, and memory consumption using
three image coding techniques (EZW, SPIHT, and SPECK) and lifting-based discrete wavelet transform (CDF 9/7).
The experimental results show the overall performance of SPIHT algorithm is better than the other compression
techniques for low bit rates < 1 bpp.

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Abstract: Construction, which can be stated as basis for development of any country, in form of infrastructure etc.
This work has mainly been carried out with the help of a questionnaire, extensive literature study and the present
condition of safety practices in construction industries. The main goal of the study was to present a scenario about the
present safety practices in construction industry. The questionnaires were sent to many project managers of
construction companies and a feedback was taken and analysed. The questionnaire was drafted such that it provides
with an idea about the present safety situation in construction industry keeping in mind different parameters of safety
such as excavation work, electricity, ladder safety etc. The available literature of various studies and surveys were
analysed.

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Abstract: The consumption of cement in concrete industries has been increasing day by bay to fulfill the pressing
needs of infrastructure due to growing population, industrialization and urbanization. The production of cement
poses environmental problems due to emission of gaseous pollutants. Combustion is an attractive method for cattle
manure waste disposal since it produces heat and electrical energy and minimizes groundwater and air pollution by
consumption of the waste. A major problem arising from the combustion of cattle manure waste is the significant
resultant quantity of cattle manure ash (CMA). In this paper, we study the strength, workability and water
permeability of concrete when CMA is used as a partial replacement in cement. CMA was replaced by 5%, 10% and
15% by volume of cement in concrete. CMA were tested, which were generated after combustion at 500 °C. The
strength of concrete that contained CMA was determined using cubic samples (150 mm edge) at 7, 14 and 28 days.
The workability was measured from the slump when the concrete was mixed manually or mechanically. The water
permeability, including percentage, velocity and coefficient of water absorption of concrete, was deter- mined at 7 and
28 days using an improved initial surface absorption test.

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Abstract: This study seeks to study and identify various risks associated with highway EPC projects during
construction / improvement of national highways. Further these risks are ranked based on their likelihood of
occurrence and affecting project objectives. Risk fault tree diagrams are developed for identified critical risks and
based on the opinion expressed by experts; the probability of occurrence is determined. Fuzzy mathematics is used to
obtain possibility of occurrence of causative events to risk events.Response from experts of Public & Private sectors
are obtained and processed to prioritise the risks, assessing the impact of risks on various phases of highway EPC
project. In place response measures are studied and discussed and improvements are suggested wherever felt
necessary.

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Abstract: —Voltage stability in power system is the capability to keep adequate voltages in all buses at normal
conditions and even conditions after disturbances. Due to voltage instability, the power system experiences voltage
collapses if the post-disturbance equilibrium voltages are below acceptable limits, causing total blackout. It is
understood by many experts that the power system will be used with a lesser margin to voltage collapse in the future.
Hence, voltage stability is believed to be of bigger concern in the future. Voltage stability of a system is affected by the
reactive power limit of the system. FACTS devices improve the reactive power flow in the system, thereby, improving
voltage stability. This paper explores the effect of SVC (Static VAR Compensator), TCSC (Thyristor-Controlled Series
Capacitor) and Hybrid (combination of both) Controller on static voltage stability. IEEE-14 bus has been used to
demonstrate the ability of these FACTS devices in improving the voltage stability margin.

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Abstract: This paper presents the research and development of a single phase inverter using Arduino looking at the
scenario of Indian market as an alternative source of energy. The alternative design methodology has been proposed.
The design of single phase inverter using Arduino consists of solar panel, inverter circuit, Battery, Arduino MOSFET
(IRFZ44N) and transformer during this process many circuit simulation were done to fit the requirement of this
project. It also shows that single phase inverter using Arduino can be highly efficient and successful in electrical UPS
market. The result of our project is that we take 12V DC power from battery then by using Arduino which generate
the pulse and given that pulse to MOSFET then by the reverse connection of transformer from secondary to primary
induce huge primary winding and the charging of magnetic field will give a high AC voltage.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Due to efficient dissemination of congested traffic, economic considerations, and aesthetic desirability
horizontally box girder bridges have become increasingly popular nowadays in modern highway systems, including
urban interchanges. A general description of the finite element approach is presented using the finite element
program SAP 2000N and STAAD PRO that was utilized. The prestressed concrete box girder bridge superstructure
analysed in the base case consists of box girders with varying span. The superstructure is loaded by different IRC
class like 70 R loads and the loads are incremented until the bridge superstructure system fails. A sensitivity analysis
is performed to study how variations in the bridge geometry, damage scenarios, member properties and bridge
continuity affect the redundancy of the superstructure. The results are presented in the form of prestressing force,
moment, shear and deflection. The deflected shape of the bridge model shows that there is a marginal increase in the
value of deflection according to the various loading and increased different various time period intervals too. A
comparative study was carried out between I girder and Box girder. By extracting result it has been concluded that
box girder is costlier than I girder. It has also seen that losses is more in I girder as compared to Box girder. The
analysis and design of Box girder bridges for any span can be obtained from the mathematical models without doing
lengthy calculations.