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Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: The distance protection relay measures the line voltage and line current at the relay location and evaluates
the ratio between these quantities. Distance relays are widely used on transmission, and even distribution systems.
Current transformers (CT) are the very important part of the power system protection. The main purpose of a CT is to
transform the primary current in a high voltage power system to single level that can be handled by delicate electronic
device. This paper deals with the influence of CT saturation on distance digital relay. Saturation of the CT is evaluated
for fault close to the relay location.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Renewable Power failure is a short or long term loss of electric power to an area mostly cost cause by short
circuit, damage to electric transmission line, overvoltage, faults at power stations and more commonly failure due to
overloading. The possible damage areas are affected by losing power. The one inherent problem with standard power
sharing and monitoring units is their broadcast strength. Since you have to be physically close to the alarm to hear it,
you might not get notified in time to actually prevent overload. The microcontroller based load sharing and control
system is a device that automatically controls overload on a generator by sharing power and cut off supply once the
power consumption exceeds the amount of power supplied. The control system for controlling the AC loads will be
selected within a power range of 500W. This is achieved by using a microcontroller PIC16F877A to automatically
detect an overload and subsequently cut off supply. The method used in the project provides necessary stages from
overload detection to switching/cutting off supply. The main aim of the work is to provide a non-interrupted power
supply to the energy consumers. By implementation of this scheme the problem of interruption of supply due to
generator overloading can be avoided. The work was fairly successful and there liability level expected is
commendable as this may also create room for improvement. The project was tested and observed that it cut off supply
as soon as the microcontroller senses an overload on the system by the user.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Renewable energy solutions are becoming increasingly popular. Photovoltaic (solar) systems are but one
example. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency. In order to maximize power
output from solar panels, one needs to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is
required. This is definitely a more cost effective solution than purchasing additional solar panels. It has been
estimated that the yield from solar panels can be increased by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a tracking system instead of
a stationary array. In this paper, a prototype for a microcontroller based multi-function solar tracking system is
described, which will keep the solar panels aligned with the sun in order to maximize efficiency. The maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) data can be transmitted in real time to other solar systems in need of this data.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Distributed generations are renewable sources that do not create environmental pollution and install near
the site of consumption. Also, the generated power of wind and solar sources are faced with uncertainty due to the
dependence on external factors. With determination of the appropriate location and size of these sources in
distribution networks their positive effects can be realized. But it must be noted that distribution networks due to the
unequal phase loads and mutual impedance between various phases of lines are virtually unbalanced. So in this
paper, determination of the appropriate size and place of distributed generations is done in unbalanced distribution
network that distributed generations’ appropriate size obtained with respect to probabilistic methods and their
convenient location is selected using weighted multi-objective IPSO algorithm. With regard to impact of exact load
flow in calculations, linear three-phase unbalanced load flow method considering the loads model and loads
connection type is used which is the fast and accurate unbalanced load flow method. Simulations are done in IEEE 37
bus unbalanced network in Matlab software. The simulation results indicate that network power losses and voltage
unbalance factor are reduced, voltage profile of each phase is improved and significant profit is obtained for
distribution companies.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper deals with the designing of Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID)
controller, also known as PIλD
δ Controller using Intelligent optimization method based on Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO). The FOPID controller is similar to conventional PID controller. But the only difference is
that in FOPID Controller, the integral order ( λ) and the derivative order (δ) are fractional. The FOPID and
conventional PID controllers are mainly employed in the industrial applications to control the various parameters
such as speed, pressure, flow, temperature etc. In order to design FOPID Controller, it is needed to optimize five
parameters namely proportionality constant (Kp), integral constant(Ki), derivative constant(Kd), integral order ( λ)
and derivative order (δ) whereas in case of conventional PID controller, it just needed three parameters to optimize.
Therefore, it is little bit complex to design FOPID controller but it is more challenging to design it compared to a
classical PID controller. The FOPID controller also focuses on reducing the integral of squared error(ISE) and
integral time square error(ITSE).

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: This paper evaluates the performance of ratioed logic circuit and conventional CMOS circuit at various
CMOS technologies. As a part of this work 4 input NAND gate is designed using conventional CMOS and pseudo
NMOS design with the help of DSCH2/ Microwind version 3.1 .The performance of both the circuits is compared
interims of dissipated power and area.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Normally, a person standing in front of our house from electricity board, whose duty is to read the energy
meter and handover the bills to the owner of that house every month. This is nothing but meter reading. According to
that reading we have to pay the bills. The main drawback of this system is that person has to go area by area and he
has to read the meter of every house and handover the bills. Many times errors like extra bill amount or notification
from electric board even though the bills are paid are common errors. To overcome this drawback we have come up
with an idea which will eliminate the third party between the consumer and service provider, even the errors will be
overcome. This project works based on internet of things (IoT) by connecting the energy meter with the substation
server so that the recorded data can be sent to the substation for billing purpose using WiFi module and along with
this functionality a new feature is topped up to give the indication to the customer well in advance that whenever the
tariff slab is about to switch over from one slab to another, the customer can take right decision to cut-off unwanted
usage of loads so that to avoid paying more bill amount rendering into paying less billing cost .The proposed system
features are displayed in the meter reading continuously, slab rate changes(like cost changes for different range of
units),Penalty factor (maintain the power factor >=0.9),When the customer did not pay the bill for 2 months cut the
electricity supply, When the temperature of the appliances increased then their threshold value intimate the consumer
by message (save the energy save the plants).

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: In this work, a new negative output (N/O) buck-boost converter, which can be applied for applications that
need wide range of inverse voltage, is proposed. It is the modification of traditional buck-boost converter and provides
inverse output voltage with wide conversion ratio. The steady state, small signal model and power losses of the
proposed converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are analyze. Comparisons among the traditional
buck-boost converter, N/O hybrid buck-boost converter and N/O self-lift Luo converter are presented, and it is found
that the proposed converter possesses a widest voltage conversion ratio in these four converters. The configuration of
the proposed new buck-boost converter circuit is simulates in MATLAB/ SIMULINK.

Research Paper Pg. -

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Abstract: Fault diagnosis of DFIG is a prominent challenge in wind turbine condition monitoring. Many machine
learning algorithms have been applied to DFIG fault diagnosis. However, these current machine learning algorithms
failed to give satisfactory fault diagnosis results due to some of their drawbacks. This paper presents a wavelet
transform and support vector machine (SVM) technique based algorithm for fault diagnosis of DFIG. The SVM is
used to extract the information from a signal over a wide range of frequencies. This analysis is performed in both time
and frequency domains. Experimental results are validated by using MATLAB.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: This paper proposed to identify the blame area in underground link lines from the base station to correct
area in km utilizing Arduino and GSM (Global framework for portable correspondence) module, GPS(Global
Positioning System) module. The essential thought behind the working of this venture is ohms' law. In underground
framework, event of blame is uncommon and is difficult to find the precise position of blame. To conquer this issue,
we thought of the thought displayed in paper. This undertaking is masterminded with set of resistors appearing of link
in kilometers and a lot of changes are utilized to make blame at each realized kilometer to decide the precise area and
results in regards to blame readings, and showed on a LCD interfaced with the Arduino UNO board. Further Arduino
programming is utilized to reproduce the blame. This task is beneficial in lessening the cost, creation misfortunes by
sparing the time and endeavors for segment of shortcomings and improving the influence accessibility to customers
through an upgrade of by and large efficiency of influence nets.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: The aim of the project is to design a monitoring and protection system for distribution transformer with the
help of GSM and GPS technology. The present monitoring system requires manpower which is time-consuming and
it is difficult to predict the occurrence of faults. In this project, we designed a system which continuously monitors
the transformer parameters such as load current, voltage, oil level and ambient temperature with the help of sensors.
These values are displayed continuously on the LCD display and it is recorded in the system memory. If any
abnormalities occur in the transformer then an alert message with the parameter values are sent to the monitoring
centre along with the location by means of GSM and GPS which are integrated with the Arduino board. This system
will help the transformer to operate smoothly and identify problems before any catastrophic failure.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: In this paper, we evaluate the performance of an enhanced cooperative MAC with busy tone (eBT-COMAC)
protocol in mobile ad hoc networks via a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Our
previously proposed BT-COMAC protocol was enhanced by (1) redesigning the minislots used in the helper node
selection procedure; (2) specifying complete frame formats for newly defined and modified control frames; and (3)
using a new metric (the received SNR rather than the received power) in the helper node competition. In this eBTCOMAC protocol, cooperation probability is calculated based on a geometric analysis, and a Markov chain-based
model is used to derive steady-state probabilities for backoff-related parameters. These results are used to analytically
characterize two performance measures: system throughput and channel access delay. Numerical simulation of a
mobile wireless network where all communication nodes are assumed to be uniformly distributed in space and move
independently based on a random waypoint model is used to validate the analytical results and demonstrate the
performance gains achieved by the proposed eBT-COMAC protocol.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: This project presents a control of a Micro-Grid at an isolated location fed from wind and solar based hybrid
energy sources. The machine used for wind energy conversion is doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and a battery
bank is connected to a common DC bus of them. A solar photovoltaic (PV) array is used to convert solar power, which
is evacuated at the common DC bus of DFIG using a DC-DC boost converter in a cost effective way. The voltage and
frequency are controlled through an indirect vector control of the line side converter, which is incorporated with droop
characteristics. It alters the frequency set point based on the energy level of the battery, which slows down over
charging or discharging of the battery. The system is also able to work when wind power source is unavailable. Both
wind and solar energy blocks, have maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in their control algorithm. The system is
designed for complete automatic operation taking consideration of all the practical conditions. The system is also
provided with a provision of external power support for the battery charging without any additional requirement. A
simulation model of system is developed in MATLAB environment and simulation results are presented for various
conditions e.g. un availability of wind or solar energies, unbalanced and nonlinear loads, low state of charge of the
battery.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output is most promising technology that has been proposed in recent
years, and it has been considered a technology to fulfill the requirement of fifth generation network. Even though this
technology has many advantages, it must surpass certain challenges as well, and one of the major challenge is signal
detection at the base station which becomes more complex with an increased number of antennas. Conventional
methods that are used in MIMO detection are computationally very complex and inefficient to use in Massive MIMO
system. So, there is a need for suitable detection method for these systems to have good bit error rate performance
with lower complexity. In this paper, we propose a more efficient and computationally less complex algorithm for
detection of Massive MIMO systems. Results through MATLAB simulations show that our proposed method provides
a good tradeoff between computational complexity and BER performance and it is efficient for detection of Massive
MIMO systems.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Brain tumor is a dangerous disease and its early detection is very important to save life. The tumor region can be
detected by segmentation of brain Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). With the help of radiologic evaluations the
suspected brain tumor location and size of tumor can be determined. The report of this decision is very important
for further diagnosis and treatment. The early and correct diagnosis of brain tumors plays an important role. In
order to extract tumor from MRI images of brain different image segmentation techniques are used. For cancer
diagnosis the brain tumors segmentation can be done manually from MRI, which gives the poor level of accuracy
and identification. So, The classification of abnormalities manually is not predictable and it is a time consuming
task for physician. Hence the automatic segmentation of brain tumors are important research area in present day
scenario. Several automated segmentation algorithms have been proposed. But still segmentation of MRI brain
image remains as a challenging problem due to its complexity and there is no standard algorithm that can produce
satisfactory results. The aim of this research work is to propose and implement an efficient system for tumor
detection and classification. The different steps involved in this work are image preprocessing for noise removal,
feature extraction, segmentation and classification. Proposed work preprocessed the MRI brain image using
anisotropic diffusion filter for noise removal, By applying the fast bounding box (FBB) algorithm, the tumor area
is displayed on the MRI image with a bounding box and the central part, and SVM classifier for segmentation and
morphological operations for separating the affected area from normal one.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a Volterra -series bias based circuit of Class-AB RF power amplifier.
This c i r c uit design is power and accurate for nonlinear circuits. In Class-AB RF PA design, and analyze with bias
circuit and it makes balance between efficiency and linearity , which make the application of the Volterra-series bias
ciruit is more flexible in practical applications. The measurement result verifies the effectiveness of this design and a
test die is fabricated.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: The demand of electrical energy is rising across the world. But with that, installation of new generation or
transmission system is the matters, constrained by economical and environmental factors. The alternative is to utilize the
maximum capacity of existing system by some means. FACTS provides avenue to utilize the maximum capacity of existing
system without endangering the stability, security, and performance of system, thus providing efficient utilization of
existing system. UPFC is the most versatile FACTS device, which have the best performance characteristics in
comparison to other classical controllers. But UPFC is very costly controller because of its configuration, consists of two
VSCs. And the topology used in UPFC does not allow it to retrofit the existing equipment like switched capacitor, SVC,
TCSC etc. This paper discusses the applicability of “Hybrid Power Flow Controller” (HPFC) as a cost effective and
performance equivalent alternative of UPFC. In this paper, two topologies of HPFC are evaluated. Both topologies
consist of a reactive power compensator and two VSCs. UPFC is a FACTS device consisting two converters, one is in
series and one is in shunt with the line. In first topology of HPFC, the shunt converter of UPFC is substituted by a
(presumably existing) switched capacitor, while its series converter is split into two “half sized” ones, installed on each
side of the shunt device. And in second topology of HPFC, one of the switching converters of the UPFC is replaced by
thyristor controlled variable impedance and other converter of UPFC is split into two “half sized” ones, installed on each
side of the series device. Such topological arrangement results in operating characteristics similar to those of the UPFC,
while achieving considerable savings in the total required converter MVA ratings.

Research Paper Pg. -

📋 Abstract

Abstract: Due To The More Vigorous Regulations On Carbon Gas Emissions And Fuel Economy, Fuel Cell Electric
Vehicles (FCEV) Are Becoming More Popular In The Automobile Industry. This Paper Presents A Neural Network
Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Controller For 1.26 Kw Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
(PEMFC), Supplying Electric Vehicle Powertrain Through A High Voltage-Gain DC-DC Boost Converter. The
Proposed Neural Network MPPT Controller Uses Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) Algorithm For Tracking
The Maximum Power Point (MPP) Of The PEMFC. High Switching Frequency And High Voltage Gain DC-DC
Converters Are Essential For The Propulsion Of FCEV. In Order To Attain High Voltage Gain, A Three-Phase High
Voltage Gain Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) Is Also Designed For FCEV System. The Interleaving Technique
Reduces The Input Current Ripple And Voltage Stress On The Power Semiconductor Devices. The Performance
Analysis Of The FCEV System With RBFN Based MPPT Controller Is Compared With The Fuzzy Logic Controller
(FLC).