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Research Paper Pg. 01-06

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Abstract: This Topic is Concentrated on Bridge ‘Girder’ Component. The Importance of This Paper is to display Basic Economical aspect of Girder With its Span & Type of Design. By study of this paper Designer can choose feasible Design methodology for Girder on primary stage which will impart Economy in Project. The Two main Design methodology of Girder is ‘Reinforced Cement Concrete’ (RCC) & ‘Prestressed Concrete’ (PSC). This Paper deals with both design aspects so result will give idea about which type of Design should be done for Respective Span of girder.

Research Paper Pg. 07-18

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Abstract: Many of the concrete buildings are still designed and analysed through linear elastic practices. To find a reasonable structural response, modification in stiffness of concrete elements is required. There are many codes that permit the designers to use modification factors less than 1 for stiffness to tackle the effect of cracking in case of a seismic event. Some of the codes had different stiffness modifiers depending upon the load or the same for all levels. It will be hard to check each and every column and then change the stiffness of it. To ease this process, we had developed a relationship with the Storey share to base shear ratio and moment ratio with stiffness modifier. In this paper, we are going analysis G + 20 story residential building with a different set of stiffness modifiers varying through the height of the building and checked the behaviour of structure concerning story drift displacement.

Research Paper Pg. 19-22

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Abstract: Permeability is the ease with which the liquid flows through a medium. However, this ease to flow is further governed by various factors, such as void ratio, particle size, effective diameter, characteristics of filter material, shape, texture, surface area etc. The present study is a review of the work done related to permeability and the various factors governing it. The work aims at summarizing their findings and their relative comparison, with special focus on the shape parameters.

Research Paper Pg. 23-26

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Abstract: Construction of roads requires huge quantity of aggregates not only for the paving surface but also for the base course and sub base course. And there is depletion of natural resources where we are using m-sand instead of natural sand and on the other hand there is lots of waste material been dumped on the land. And these kinds of materials can utilized for the construction purposes, out of which copper slag is one such material. Copper Slag (CS) is a by- product obtained during the matte smelting and refining of copper. It is classified as waste materials and, therefore, is taken into account as an environmental issue to deal with. It can be effectively used for construction of pavement layers. On the other hand, in order to save energy and reduce the amount of pollutants that are being released in the process of asphalt production, Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technology can also be employed. So this paper presents the influence of replacing fine aggregates by copper slag on the performance of warm mix asphalt and hot mix asphalt. We are incorporating copper slag in the asphalt mixes with varying percentages like 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by total weight of aggregate. And mix design for Bituminous concrete grade-2 is been performed for bitumen percentages of 5%, 5.25%, 5.5% and 5.75%. The specimen prepared with this mix design was evaluated for the stability properties. And it was observed that the maximum stability of 9.23KN and 9.1KN was achieved for OBC of 5.5% and copper slag content of 20% for HMA and WMA respectively.

Research Paper Pg. 27-30

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Abstract: Constant traffic data can effectively mirror the traffic condition in urban situations. Be that as it may, how to structure a proficient ongoing data sharing instrument to accomplish the continuous voyaging time estimation and dynamic way arranging despite everything stays a difficult issue. Right now, first propose a compelling constant traffic data sharing component dependent on a circulated transportation framework with RS-Us, which has lower processing multifaceted nature and less repetition. At that point, thinking about current traffic data, we present a technique to assess the voyaging time from a source to a goal in the street arrange, called TT-E, which goes about as a measurement for way arranging. Moreover, we propose a real time way arranging calculation dependent on TT-E examination by means of data assortment to stay away from traffic clog. We check the intricacy and excess of our proposed ongoing data sharing system by means of ns2. Additionally, we perform broad reenactments in VanetMobiSim to assess the proposed real time way arranging calculation, which utilizes this present reality traffic situation and urban guide of Songjiang area in Shanghai city. The outcomes show that our proposed calculation outflanks the static way arranging calculation.

Research Paper Pg. 31-41

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Abstract: The frequent and irregular change in climatic condition, known as climate change significantly affects many hydrologic events like the precipitation rate, its frequency, runoff, and the water flow in the rivers stream. The significant change in theses hydrologic events, cause an adverse effect on the people around the world. So, it is necessary to study the changing pattern of these climatic events to reduce the future hydro-climatological hazards. The evolution of global general circulation models (GCMs), a boon for the climatic studies, which are capable to predict future climatic data based on the present datasets. This prediction helps us to plan for the significant adaptation actions for safe future. Though, it is unmanageable to use the raw data of GCMs at a local scale, due to its coarse resolution. Therefore, the main aims of the present study are to estimate the effect of climate change on rainfall pattern in 3 Coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) from Global Climate Model data of CanESM2. The estimation was done using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) in the study area. The goal behind using this model is evaluating the efficiency of SDSM to predict the future rainfall. The actual data of three districts, (namely Krishna, Guntur and Prakasam) which finally converted into 3 weather stations using Thiessen Polygon method. The method was used for a period of 51 years (1961 - 2012) and Global Climate Model data of CanESM2 under RCPs of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 for the period of 2006-2100. The period of 1961-1995 was used as the calibration period and 1996-2005 as validation. After the validation, rainfall was recorded individually for all the three scenarios of RCPs namely RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. The results showed the values of R2 and RMSE for themodel calibration and validation ranged from 0.69 to 0.86 and between 1.99 and 3.88, respectively for all three stations used in the study. The obtained future rainfall data from 2020-2100 was then correlated with the base period rainfall from 1961-1995. The trend shows that the overall volume of precipitation will increase in this region (three districts of Andhra Pradesh) of lower Krishna River for the period of 2020-2100 as compared to the base period due to the change in climate. The approximate predicted change up to the 21st century will be 19.51%, 18.50%, and 15.99% for Guntur, Krishna, and Prakasam districts respectively under the worst scenarios of RCP8.5. Therefore, it is concluded that the future pattern of rainfall in these three districts of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 constantly increasing, especially in the case of RCP8.5 due to the climate change.

Research Paper Pg. 42-47

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Abstract: In our daily-life, we use ATM for cash Transaction. One of the important parameter that we need to consider during ATM transaction is Security. In current ATM system, we use the two factor authentication (ATM card and 4 digits PIN) for performing transaction. But we have observed that there are some vulnerabilities possible with such types of transaction which will give loop hole for attacker to perform some attack on ATM transaction. In this paper, we have designed a model to enhance the security of ATM by applying Three Factor Authentication. Along with ATM card and ATM PIN, if we include the third factor (face recognition) then we can have a better security compared to the two factor authentication.