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Research Paper Pg. 01-07

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Abstract: In past few decades wind turbines are manufactured mainly by using standard components. Later, turbines were fabricated by using special components only. The best way to solve this is by using composite materials in wind turbine blades. Many of the composites are comprises of two materials. One material i.e., which binds together a bunch of fibres matrix (epoxy resin) and the second material (the reinforcement) adjacent these fibres. These days few researchers have aspired in utilizing the diversified applications of composite materials as the materials of the future. In this perspective wind turbine with three blades (Flax fibre) are designed and fabricated using hand-layup fabrication method and this process considers fiber in weight percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Moulds are
prepared by using these combinations and undergone different tests like flexural, tensile and impact and the best suited combination of weight is used in turbine blade manufacturing. These turbine blade samples are used for understanding of different air velocities and different specifications of wind turbine such as power developed by wind turbine, power developed by wind, power co-efficient, speed of wind turbine are calculated and compared with existing aluminium material blades used in wind turbine.

Research Paper Pg. 08-13

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Abstract: World Health Organization in their global status report on road safety presented in 2009 revealed that more people die in road accidents in India than anywhere else in the world, including the most populous China. This also been seen that traffic fatalities increased by about 5% per year from 1980 to 2000 but for now the rate of traffic fatalities has jump up to 8% per year in recent years. The reasons in the increase in percent of fatalities are may be due to increase in number of vehicles in recent years and secondly due to absence of coordinated official policy to control the problem. In economic terms, the cost of the road crash injuries is estimated at roughly one percent of gross national product in low income countries, 1.5 percent in middle income countries and 2 percent in high income countries. The management of accident risk is both a short-term and a long-term strategy, which requires support of central and state authorities. The most effective way of managing accident risk is through the development of a ‘safety culture’. A safety culture is the beliefs and ideas shared by all members of an organisation about accidents and their risk of happening and proper measure which are to be taken to decrease in the number of accidents. The accident analysis and identification of black spots has been done for the corridor comprises the section of National Highway21 commencing from Km 73.200 Km (Kiratpur Sahib in the state of Punjab) to km. 186.500 (Nerchowk in the state of Himachal Pradesh). The traffic volume on this particular section is very high as this road connects with various important cities of the state

Research Paper Pg. 101-110

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Abstract: We analyse the non-Darcy free and forced convection flow through a porous medium in a Co-axial cylindrical duct where the boundaries are maintained at temperature Tw and Concentration Cw. The behaviour of velocity, temperature and concentration is analyzed at different axial positions. The shear stress and the rate of heat and mass transfer have also been obtained for variations in the governing parameters

Research Paper Pg. 111-119

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Abstract: The automobile industry is heavily dependent on renewable energy sources for the generation of power for electric vehicles due to the substantial growth in price as well as the demand for non-renewable energy sources. Battery is the most crucial and expensive component in an EV. The initial problem with EVs, today is range anxiety because current EVs only have a limited range to reach a specific distance before needing to be recharged. A supercapacitor module that serves as the regenerative braking system's energy storage system in EVs. Due to their outstanding power density and SOC properties, supercapacitors are taken into consideration. The Numerous factors, including the battery's state of charge (SOC) and braking intensity, have an impact on the regenerative braking system. Electric motors, a battery pack, a supercapacitor, and a DC/DC convertermake up the system. The energy storage devices are the supercapacitor and the lithium ion (Li-ion) battery. A supercapacitor is added to the system in order to maximize the energy from regenerative braking and guard against battery damage from high currents. The process is broken down into three subprocesses to protect the battery from damage. Braking energy is immediately stored in the battery pack if the braking current is less than the charging current threshold. In the third process, when the EV is not braking, the current from the supercapacitor is fed back to the battery in the form of low current. Otherwise, the braking energy is stored in the supercapacitor to obtain more braking energy and prevent battery damage from large current

Research Paper Pg. 14-28

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Abstract: The urban population is expanding at a sensational rate prompting economic development on other hand it is making urban and ecological issues like natural debasement, traffic congestions, lacking framework administrations, unhygienic streetscapes and so on. Along these lines it requires the earnestness to take fitting activities. Smart development has been distinguished as a manageable overall answer for the current urban arranging issues, whose standards targets giving better expectations for everyday comforts; however the idea is dubious to characterize, as no all inclusive definition exists. Different ideas like Sustainability (Sustainable Development), Smart Growth, Livability, Smart City and so forth, are a portion of the models which are identified with the development. The standards of these ideas cover one another and that is the reason the idea can't be characterized with a solitary
general definition; in this way, the idea should be institutionalized so as to scale development around the world. India has experienced quick urbanization in the course of the most recent couple of decades and the seeing urban areas are generally of Class-I and II levels. A significant perspective influenced by the wonder of urbanization is the personal satisfaction. Indian urban communities rank nearly at the base of bearableness positioning (EIU-2015) as Delhi is on 110th and Mumbai on 115th at world level. It is apparent that Indian urban communities rank in all respects ineffectively in the overall situation. This incited a discussion whether India as a country needs increasingly bearable urban areas or smart urban communities. As examined by different experts, approach towards urban development, right off the bat, should be towards giving a reasonable and safe condition to the clients and furthermore, create
procedures advancing socio-economic development. In any case, as a guide, different instruments can be incorporated in the development approach, to make it proficient and powerful ones like the utilization of ICT in the physical and social framework arranging. As of late, India likewise presented the smart city mission, which is fairly on the comparative lines of smart development. The mission's point is to advance economic development of the distinguished urban areas with prime spotlight on the current debased personal satisfaction. Since, the development has been deciphered diversely among the countries due to non-institutionalization of the idea, it's imperative to see how the idea has been spoken to in Indian setting. The examination expected to dissect the origination of smart development and its centrality in the urban setting. Likewise, as India has received Smart City Mission on the comparable grounds, it is basic to examine whether it accomplishes sustainability in its approach and gives decent condition as it recommends. Further, the examination has been finished up with a city level investigation with region based development as a scale
to advance smart development techniques.

Research Paper Pg. 29-34

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Abstract: DRM systems are increasingly generated worldwide; however there are several difficulties that make implementing as these systems a challenging task, particularly in Arab countries. The objective of this paper is to determine and rank the most significant challenges affecting DRM implementation in Arab countries. Several studies have reported the challenges that affect implementation of DRM in Arab world. Modal analysis of some selected of this selected studies showed that the execution of DRM is encumbered by barriers and limitations, with financial constraints and technical limitations being the most prominent. Therefore, Arab countries need to develop strategic plans to overcome on barriers in order to be applicable in the field of DRM. This study suggests that more consideration should be given to funding DRM projects as well as the provision of adequate information and technology (IT) infrastructure and training in order to ensure effective DRM implementation.

Research Paper Pg. 35-41

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Abstract: Presently, Human are being used plastics in the form of buckets, jugs, cups, plates, carry bags, toys etc. and after use It’s kept in abundance. These waste plastics can not be disposed off easilyand brought back to the recycled form, can be burnt or can be filled in a soil pit. Thin plastic bags which once used are dumped in the garbage which fly away and get buried in the soil or through drainage drains and run into drains or rivers. Chemical likes cadmium and lead are used in the manufacturing of plastic bags, which when ignited causes air pollution and water pollution when going into rivers or drains makes life of animals living in it difficult. When pressed inside, it is not decomposed by bacteria for many years and also pollutes the soil, which also pollutes ground water. As such plastic bags are spread in tablets in which water is field when it rains and mosquitoes lay eggs, so there is a possibility of spreading diseases like dengue. Thus the disposal of plastic bags is a major problem. Ceramic Products like cups, plates, wall tiles, floor tiles, sanitary ware after breakage are dumped into the garbage which can not be recycle, it is disposed of by land filling only. When the building made of concrete is not possible to be recycled from the concrete it gets, it is also used in land filling only for which it is necessary to have empty land available. In this paper innovative attempt has been devised to manufacture construction materials by using plastic bags found in garbage, ceramic waste and construction waste from demolition old concrete building. There by reducing the problem of pollution and the problem of disposal solid waste can be eliminated.

Research Paper Pg. 42-53

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Abstract: Mixed traffic in cities of many developing countries is mainly characterized by the lack of lane discipline on the roads. The rapid evolution in the sophistication of micro simulation models has encouraged their use in transportation engineering and planning. Traffic simulation models are useful in analyzing the traffic operations. Traffic simulation models allow visualizing existing and future traffic conditions, test strategies that would be difficult or impossible to test in roadway conditions. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the present condition of the existing intersection. The present study aims to evaluate the present traffic conditions in the study area considered by using the microscopic simulation tool VISSIM. Two signalized intersections namely hindu college junction and chandana bros junction located in the Guntur city of Andhra Pradesh are considered as study area for the present work. The study
area is evaluated based on the present condition of the two junctions and evaluation is done in terms of delay at intersection. The validation of the developed model for both the junctions is made by comparing the delay obtained from the VISSIM model and that from the formula. Improvements are made in the existing intersections in the form of channelization for left moving vehicles for all the directions of two junctions. For the improved condition of intersection, evaluation is done and the delay at intersection is determined for the same. A typical comparison of improved condition of the intersection is made with the existing condition of intersection. The results showed improvement in the delay for both the intersections after channelization over the existing condition. Also, to verify the
hypothesis the Chi-squared test is conducted on the results in terms of delay for both the junctions. From the Chisquared test it is concluded that the improvement for the two junctions in terms of left channelization is accepted and verified.

Research Paper Pg. 54-59

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Abstract: An environment friendly construction and reducing footprint in construction industry is really big challenge in India as well as around the world. In this way, development of green building is significant and step towards structure a domain, which is free from carbon impression, and free from negative impact of using our valuable natural resources. This article centre around a contextual case study of Green Building built in Gandhinagar city at Gujarat territory of INDIA, which is one of the greenest city of INDIA in terms of green cover. The study highlight the concept of green building with its conceptual drawing, design criteria, siting criteria, the efficiencies of energy, materials & water to maintain LEED parameters which are very important elements for certification of LEED.

This paper basically centre on the analysis of energy efficient systems and control, roof materials to be used for insulation, Building envelope and construction to maintain built environment & economic benefit profit in general execution.

Research Paper Pg. 60-68

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Abstract: Infrastructure development plays an important role in shaping the future of a society. Construction is considered as a backbone in development of any area village, city, district, state, or country. Construction of roads, buildings, bridges, and other basic facilities make life easy to live. The progress of a developing or developed nation is linked with basic development of infrastructure in that country. India is among developing nations of world, and is second largest nation in terms of population and seventh largest in terms of area. Its geography ranges from the majestic Himalayan mountains to tropical shores of southern peninsula. Due to unplanned land use for infrastructure development, rapid transformation of villages, districts, and cities all over India has affected the sustainability at large scale, Although there are some cities which are well planned and are sustainable in nature. Sustainable development means the process of socio-economic development through the judicious utilization of natural resources, keeping in mind the needs of future generations. Here we present a case study of Srinagar city of Jammu and Kashmir on unplanned land use for infrastructure and its effects on sustainability of that area .This thesis is aimed to provide the strategies and policies for developing the sustainable infrastructure in the city.

Research Paper Pg. 69-75

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Abstract: Roads are the arteries through which Indian economy grows. India is a country which is having a coastal corridor of 7516.6 kms. This coastal region mostly consists of marine clay deposits. For the construction of roads using locally available materials and soils will be economical. But in coastal region using marine clay (locally available soils) as sub grade will not yield desirable results due to its poor engineering properties. Removing and replacing of this soil is not economically feasible as it increases the budget of the project. In this region, as huge quantity of sea shells which are having high percentage of CaO, can be used as stabilizing material for improving the
properties of soil. In this experimental study, under controlled conditions through laboratory tests, the efficacy with Sea Shell Powder and Sodium Silicate used for improving the properties of marine clay to suit it as sub grade for the flexible pavements has been studied.

Research Paper Pg. 76-89

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Abstract: PSWC bar of steel, characterized by its plain surface and wave-type configuration, when used as rebars in concrete construction, has the capability to make concrete constructions durable through several-fold enhancement of life span of such constructions. The use of PSWC bar leads to increased load-carrying capacities of reinforced concrete elements, and it transforms traditionally brittle reinforced concrete into ductile reinforced concrete through several-fold increase in ductility and energy-absorbing capacity of flexural elements of reinforced concrete. All of these have many attendant benefits. It is shown in this article that among rebars of carbon steel, PSWC bar is the most ideal one, as at no added cost or effort, the use of PSWC bar endows reinforced concrete constructions with numerous benefits.

Research Paper Pg. 90-94

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Abstract: From the olden time we realize that quake is a calamity causing event. Cutting edge days developments are fitting progressively limited and extra slanted to influence and subsequently to influence and subsequently adverse inside the earthquake. Analysts and designers have worked out inside the past to make the developments as quake safe. After numerous useful reports it has demonstrated that utilization of horizontal burden opposing techniques in the developing arrangement has definitely expanded the presentation of the structure in seismic tremor by utilizing ETABS 9.7.4, the work has been done for the particular examples using shear divider and bracings for the outstanding statures, and greatest top respected for the reward gain information of is 93.5m.
The displaying is finished to look at the result of unique conditions alongside explicit statures seismic parameters like Story displacement, Shear force, Building Torsion, Bending Moment, Time period. The gain knowledge of has been implemented for the Zone IV and Zone V in Soil Type II (medium soils) as targeted in IS 1893-2002.

Research Paper Pg. 95-100

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Abstract: The purpose of this project was to test the effectiveness of the Cellular light weight concrete (CLC) blocks .In the period of 21st century the major problem we are facing is the emission of greenhouse gas i.e., carbon dioxide from various sources to this context the emission of carbon dioxide in the bricks manufacture process have been recognized as a significant factor to global warming. The aim is now to solicit toward the greener environment. The use of cellular light-weight concrete (CLC) blocks gives an appropriate solution to building construction industry along with environmental preservation. In this paper cellular light weight concrete blocks are casted with different proportion to check its properties such as compressive strength, density, water absorption. Cellular light weight concrete gives better thermal insulation, sound insulation, durability, light weight and uniform size and shape.